In positron emission tomography (PET) systems, background events generated by spontaneous radiation from scintillation crystals, non-real random coincidence events, and background noise caused by scattered coincidence events may have a significant impact on the image signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore... Read More

Germanium is a rare metal with the element symbol Ge. Its simple substance is a grayish-white metalloid, shiny, hard, and belongs to the carbon family. Its chemical properties are similar to those of tin and silicon in the same family. It is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid, and dilute caustic ... Read More

Cerium oxide is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula CeO2, light yellow or yellowish brown powder. Density 7.13g/cm3, melting point 2397℃, insoluble in water and alkali, slightly soluble in acid. At 2000℃ and 15MPa, cerium oxide can be reduced with hydrogen to obtain cerium trioxide. ... Read More

Yttrium (Y) is a rare earth element. Rare earth elements refer to Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y) and all lanthanide elements. Yttrium and another rare earth element, Cerium (Ce), are the two elements with the highest content in the earth's crust. Yttrium has a high abundance of 2.8×10-5 in the earth's ... Read More

Scandium (Sc) is the 50th most abundant element on Earth, with a general abundance of 36×10-6, which is more abundant than silver, gold, lead, antimony, molybdenum, bismuth and mercury, and is comparable to beryllium, boron, strontium, tin, germanium, arsenic, selenium and tungsten. Scandium is ... Read More

Gadolinium (Gd) is a silvery-white metal with ductility, a melting point of 1313°C, a boiling point of 3266°C, and a relative density of 7.9004. Gadolinium is ferromagnetic, and its Curie point is about room temperature (19°C, 66°F). If a piece of gadolinium is placed in ice water and cooled, it ... Read More

High-purity Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) is widely used in the preparation of Tellurium dioxide single crystals, infrared acousto-optic devices, infrared window materials, electronic component materials, etc., and is an important chemical raw material. Tellurium dioxide is insoluble in water, but easily ... Read More

Gallium (Ga) is a rare metal with a content of 1.5×10-3% in the earth's crust. It is extremely dispersed and is often associated with minerals such as aluminum, zinc, and coal. It is not easy to extract. Gallium and its compounds are mainly used in the semiconductor industry. With the rapid ... Read More

In the field of catalysis, rare earth oxides can be used as catalyst materials for fuel cell cathodes to improve the performance of fuel cells. For example, rare earth oxides such as samarium oxide (Sm2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) can be used as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). ... Read More

Yttrium oxide Y2O3 is an important rare earth compound with unique heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature stability, high dielectric constant and a series of excellent optical properties. It is widely used in advanced ceramics, optoelectronics, catalysts and efficient additives for ... Read More