High-purity iron refers to iron with a purity exceeding 99.9%. Iron-based materials developed using high-purity iron as raw material have superior properties compared to traditional iron-based materials, such as lower ductile-brittle transition temperature and recrystallization temperature, improved corrosion resistance, higher maximum magnetic permeability, and excellent electrical and low-temperature thermal conductivity. Therefore, they have broad application prospects in aerospace, electronics, information technology, electric power, military, and other fields.

Iron purity is typically expressed using N followed by a number (N stands for nine), such as 3N5, which indicates a purity of 99.95%. Iron with a purity of 2N5 to 3N is generally referred to as industrial pure iron, 3N or higher is high-purity iron, and 4N or higher is ultra-high purity iron. Because quantitative analysis of trace impurities in high-purity iron is technically difficult, researchers also use residual resistivity (RRR = p/p, where the numerator and denominator represent the resistivity at 298 and 4.2 K, respectively) to indicate iron purity.

High-purity iron has good corrosion resistance. High-purity iron of 4N5 and above will form a dense passivation film on the surface, making it insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid (soluble in aqua regia). In addition, the higher the purity of the iron, the more regular the domain wall and the larger the magnetic field, which in turn leads to a decrease in coercivity and an increase in magnetic permeability. Studies have shown that the coercivity and magnetic permeability of metallic magnetic materials are not simply determined by purity, but are also related to the type and distribution of impurities, sample size, grain size, etc. In addition, the reduction in impurity content reduces the scattering effect of impurities on electrons, so high-purity iron also has excellent electrical conductivity and low-temperature thermal conductivity.

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